An Overview of Scandium (Sc or Element 21)

An Overview of Scandium (Sc or Element 21) Fundamental Facts Nuclear Number: 21Symbol: ScAtomic Weight: 44.95591Discovery: Lars Nilson 1878 (Sweden)Electron Configuration: [Ar] 4s2 3d1Word Origin: Latin Scandia: ScandinaviaIsotopes: Scandium has 24 realized isotopes extending from Sc-38 to Sc-61. Sc-45 is the main stable isotope.Properties: Scandium has a liquefying purpose of 1541  °C, a breaking point of 2830  °C, a particular gravity of 2.989 (25  °C), and valence of 3. It is a gleaming white metal which builds up a yellowish or pinkish cast when presented to air. Scandium is an extremely light, generally delicate metal. Scandium responds quickly with numerous acids. The blue shade of sea green/blue is credited to the nearness of scandium.Sources: Scandium is found in the minerals thortveitite, euxenite, and gadolinite. It is likewise created as a result of uranium refinement.Uses: Scandium is utilized to make high-force lights. Scandium iodide is added to mercury fume lights to create a light source with a shading looking like daylig ht. The radioactive isotope Sc-46 is utilized as a tracer in treatment facility wafers for unrefined petroleum. Component Classification: Transition Metal Physical Data Thickness (g/cc): 2.99Melting Point (K): 1814Boiling Point (K): 3104Appearance: fairly delicate, shiny white metalAtomic Radius (pm): 162Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 15.0Covalent Radius (pm): 144Ionic Radius: 72.3 (3e)Specific Heat (20 °C J/g mol): 0.556Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 15.8Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 332.7Pauling Negativity Number: 1.36First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 630.8Oxidation States: 3Standard Reduction Potential: Sc3 e â†' Sc E0 - 2.077 VLattice Structure: HexagonalLattice Constant (Ã… ): 3.310Lattice C/A Ratio: 1.594CAS Registry Number: 7440-20-2 Incidental data Scandium was named after Scandinavia. Physicist Lars Nilson was endeavoring to detach the component ytterbium from the minerals euxenite and gadolinite when he found scandium. These minerals were essentially found in the Scandinavia region.Scandium is the progress metal with the most minimal nuclear number.The disclosure of scandium filled a spot anticipated by Mendeleevs occasional table. Scandium replaced the placeholder component eka-boron.Most scandium mixes have scandium with the Sc3 ion.Scandium has a bounty in the Earths covering of 22 mg/kg (or parts per million).Scandium has a wealth in seawater of 6 x 10-7 mg/L (or parts per million).Scandium is more rich on the Moon than on Earth. References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001) Crescent Chemical Company (2001)Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952)CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (eighteenth Ed.) International Atomic Energy Agency ENSDF database (Oct 2010)