Feeling Sympathy for Gertrude and Rhoda in The Withered...

Feeling Sympathy for Gertrude and Rhoda in The Withered Arm, by Thomas Hardy The Withered arm is typical of Hardys novellas, as it is a tragedy. It involves two main characters, Rhoda and Gertrude. Rhoda and Gertrude both have their own different problems that the must face. Rhoda and Gertrude become friends after they first meet. Rhoda had an illegitimate child to farmer lodge who marries Gertrude. Before Rhoda and Gertrude meet Rhoda does not know what Gertrude is like so is bitter about the idea of her marrying farmer lodge who hardy hints Rhoda is still in love with. Rhoda is described to be old before her age and works as a milkmaid. She receives no help in the upbringing of the boy she had with farmer lodge so she†¦show more content†¦He tells her that she is very good looking and is also very ladylike. Gertrude wants to offer the boy a lift home in the cart with them but farmer lodge doesnt want to, as the situation would obviously make him awkward. He makes up an excuse that the boys round there are very strong and drives on. This bit also makes you feel some sympathy for Rhoda but in a bitter way as she is old before her time but is intelligent and hard working and farmer lodge has married a younger woman that seems pleasant enough and even tried to help her son, but admittedly didnt know the situation. Some time after the new wife has come to live with farmer lodge; hardy introduces the first hint of witchcraft into the story. The rest of the story is based on the vision chapter so it is possibly the most important and the following chapters could have been different. Rhoda is sat looking into her fireplace and is sat there longer than she at first realized. She sees an image of Gertrude and she doesnt even know what she looks like. She is almost scrying for her inadvertently. When she comes back to, she goes to bed and falls to sleep. Gertrude comes to her in a vision and she looks strange and twisted. She holds her ring finger in front of Rhodes face mocking and taunting her. Rhoda has nothing to do to resist her. She sees her assailants arm stick out inShow MoreRelated Womens Roles in The Yellow Wallpaper and The Withered Arm1219 Words   |  5 PagesWomens Roles in The Yellow Wallpaper and The Withered Arm In the late 19th century, women were expected to conform to the conventions of society. This meant that they were expected to get married young, pure and beautiful. They were treated like objects as if men bought them. How the woman felt was irrelevant in this period. Women were expected to produce an heir and a spare. Women were also victim to double standards. For example, women had to deal with a child out of wedlock yetRead MoreCompare Charlotte Perkins Gilmans, Turned with Thomas Hardys, A Withered Arm2415 Words   |  10 PagesCompare Charlotte Perkins Gilmans Turned with Thomas Hardys A Withered Arm The short stories Turned by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, and The Withered Arm by Thomas Hardy both have very different techniques and plots with which they aim to appeal to their audience. The opening of The Withered Arm immediately involves the reader. Adjectives are used to describe the initial setting, and so the image of the eighty-cow dairy, and the troop of milkers, regular and supernumerary becomesRead MoreThe Darkness Out There Character Analysis Essay2841 Words   |  12 PagesDarkness Out There’ and ‘The Withered Arm’ are both short stories. The characterization techniques they use are contrasting and similar. Each story is from a different time; ‘The Withered Arm’ being 19th century and ‘The Darkness Out There’ being 20th century. Thomas Hardy writes ‘The Withered Arm’ as a 3rd person narrative whereas Penelope Lively uses a mixture between 3rd and 1st person.   ‘The Darkness Out There’ combines the author’s narration with the thoughts and feelings of Sandra, a girl belonging

Comparing the Ways Free Essays

Compare the ways in which Owen powerfully portrays physical and mental consequences of war in the poems ‘Disabled’ and ‘Mental Cases’ Wilfred Owen’s poems ‘Disabled’ and ‘Mental Cases’ each portray very different aspects of war and its consequences. As their names suggest, ‘Mental Cases’ is about the psychological effects war had on soldiers, whereas ‘Disabled’ focuses more on the physical consequences of war. However, in both poems the physical and mental costs are all intertwined, and although they describe very different situations, in many ways the poems are alike in their portrayal of the consequences of war overall. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparing the Ways or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first ways in which we can compare these poems is by their content, language and tone. In the poem ‘Disabled’, Owen states the subject’s situation in the first line of the poem: â€Å"He sat in a wheeled chair, waiting for dark† this line bluntly highlights to the reader that the subject is disabled, and is obviously very handicapped by his injury, because he cannot do anything except ‘waiting for dark’. The narrator the informs the reader of exactly what the man’s injuries are, in the same direct style – â€Å"Legless, sewn short at elbow. This emphasizes how starkly and immediately obvious the man’s injuries would be to somebody who saw him. In comparison, the poem ‘Mental Cases’ starts with the line â€Å"Who are these? Why sit they here in twilight? â€Å"; which is a far less straight forward line, and reflects how little was understood about the mental effects of war at the time. The physical conse quences of war are not as prominent in ‘Mental Cases’, but they are still mentioned. The most powerful example is when the narrator describes how the shell-shocked soldiers appear: â€Å"their heads wear this hilarious, hideous, awful falseness of set-smiling corpses† and the reader comes to understand that their torment is so great they have lost control of their facial muscles. Owen uses the phrase â€Å"their faces wear† to show that their facial expressions are not a true illustration of their feelings, but like a mask covering their thoughts. He then eerily compares their expressions to that of â€Å"set-smiling corpses†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ to perhaps to suggest that these men are almost dead with torment. Another powerful physical description in ‘Mental Cases’ is â€Å"their eyeballs shrink tormented – back into their brains† which paints a picture of how gaunt the men’s faces are, and how their mental torture is so real to them, that their eyes physically shrink away from the memories. Overall, physical consequences of war provide the central problem for the subject of ‘Disabled’, whereas in ‘Mental Cases’ the subjects’ poor physical condition is because of their mental state. This brings us on to the powerful portrayal of the mental consequences of war in these poems. Mental Cases’ is set in an institute for mentally damaged soldiers, and starts with a stanza questioning how the men concerned have been reduced to such a state of insanity. One very powerful question which describes the men’s mental torment is â€Å"-but what slow panic gouged these chasms round their fretted sockets? † The oxymoro n â€Å"slow panic† highlights just how terrible the suffering of the men is as panic is one of the most horrible, alarmed and rushed emotions a person can feel; so to have this feeling drawn out and slow is awful. Owens use of the verb ‘gouged’ is also poignant as it is a violent action, so it underlines that these men are the victims of something brutal. Another particularly moving line in the first stanza is â€Å"Ever from hair and through their hands’ palms Misery swelters† This statement is very effective at showing how all-consuming their fear and misery is as it metaphorically compares the misery to sweat; which of course comes out of every pore of one’s skin, and the verb â€Å"swelters† is adds to the effect as it conveys the clammy fever which is plaguing the men along with their memories. In comparison to ‘Mental Cases’, the poem ‘Disabled’ describes less direct mental consequences of war; as the subject of the poem is not suffering from shell-shock, but rather from the loneliness and helplessness which his disability is causing him. Before the war, the subject of the poem was a handsome and popular teenager who was excellent at football, however, his injuries have left him disfigured and completely dependent on others, which leads to a mental torment far subtler but almost as agonising as that of the subjects in ‘Mental Cases’ – he spends all his time thinking about the time before the war, and regretting that he signed up. This is the main tragedy behind this poem – the fact that the whole situation could have been prevented if he hadn’t. The narrator of the poem recognises this, and expresses the subject’s regret with lines such as â€Å"In the old times, before he threw away his knees†. The use of the phrase â€Å"threw away† shows that the subject does not think that it was worth it – he feels that he lost his limbs for nothing; it was a waste. It also suggests that he blames himself for what happened. Another phrase which is very powerful in conveying the mental consequences of war on the subject of this poem is in the first line; when he is described as sitting and â€Å"waiting for dark†. This shows how he empty his life is, because he has nothing to do but wait for darkness to come, so he can go to bed. The final phrase which powerfully portrays the mental consequences of war is when, describing how the subject was naive when he signed up for the war, the narrator writes â€Å"no fears of Fear came yet. By turning the second ‘fear’ into a proper noun, Owen powerfully suggests that there are a multitude of different things encompassed in this word for a soldier, and shows how central fear was to soldiers’ lives when they were at war. Overall, ‘Mental Cases’ shows the most vicious and forceful mental consequences that war could have on a soldier, whereas ‘Disabled’ shows an indirect and much more subtle, yet still tormenting p sychological impact of war. One thing which the poems have in common concerning the consequences of war, is that it is clear in both that war demanded great sacrifice from the soldiers, and caused great loss for them. This is very powerfully portrayed in ‘Disabled’ when the narrator writes â€Å"He’s lost his colour very far from here, poured it down shell-holes till the veins ran dry† these two lines are particularly poignant due to Owens use of the verb â€Å"poured† which emphasizes the excessiveness of the young man’s loss of blood. The word â€Å"colour† here could be interpreted to mean the man’s happiness and natural blush; which reminds the reader again of how handsome and popular he had been. The final point which makes this line so powerful is the phrase â€Å"till his veins ran dry† which conveys to the reader that the subject gave everything he had to the war – his limbs and with them his successful life -, yet got nothing back. In comparison, the subjects of ‘Mental Cases’ lost their minds to the war; because of the unimaginable horrors they experienced. The narrator sums this up in the lines â€Å"Carnage incomparable, and human squander rucked too thick for these men’s extrication† this shows that the men experienced too many horrors and too much slaughter for them to endure. Another point which both poems express is that the consequences of war, both physical and mental, are irreversible. This is obvious in ‘Disabled’, as there is no way he can get his legs back; but the narrator emphasizes this throughout the poem by using the word ‘never’ frequently. For example â€Å"Now, he is old; his back will never brace†. By describing the man, who cannot be more than nineteen years old, as old, Owen shows the reader just how much of an effect the war had on the subject, as age is one of the few indisputably irreversible things in life. In comparison, the narrator of ‘ Mental Cases’, when describing the soldiers’ memories, says â€Å"Wading sloughs of flesh these helpless wander. Treading blood from lungs that had loved laughter† by describing them as ‘helpless’ the narrator shows he considers the men beyond help. After all, how can you help someone if the source of all their problems is their own memories? The lines are made particularly powerful as they describe the soldiers remembering when they trod on lungs which â€Å"had loved laughter†. This shows that the soldiers had known and laughed with the men whose lungs they were forced to step on because the ground was covered with so many bodies. Another line where we get the sense that the shell-shocked men are beyond help is when the narrator says â€Å"on their sense sunlight seems a blood-smear†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"Dawn breaks open like a wound that bleeds afresh†: if something as beautiful and pure as sunlight and sunrise reminds these men of blood and wounds, then we feel that nothing will ever calm them, and bring them back to sanity. Another way in which we can compare these poems is by their structure. Most noticeably, ‘Disabled’ is considerably longer than ‘Mental Cases’. This reflects how the subject of ‘Disabled’ is in a state of thoughtfulness and pondering, whereas the narrator of ‘Mental Cases’ is simply explaining the subjects to somebody, and therefore does not spend as much time contemplating. The two poems are similar in structure in the sense that they both fluctuate between past and present, but ‘Disabled’ does so far more often than ‘Mental Cases’ and this again could reflect the contemplation of the subject. Finally, ‘Mental Cases’ does not rhyme at all, whereas ‘Disabled’ has a constant, although not regular, rhyme scheme. The lack of rhyme in ‘Mental Cases’ could reflect how harsh the realities of war are, and the raw pain and horror that is shell-shock; perhaps Owen did not want to dampen the brutality of the truth in this piece by smoothing it over with rhymes. The final way in which we can compare how Owen powerfully portrays the consequences of war in these poems is by looking at their tone. The first and last stanza of ‘Disabled’ have a melancholy tone, which Owen achieves by using language such as ‘ghastly’, ‘saddening, ‘pity’ and ‘cold’. He also juxtaposes the words ‘dark’ and ‘grey’, to create a general tone of gloom. The rest of the stanza’s fluctuate between a tone of regret and despair, and one of bittersweet reminiscence, as the subject contemplates the past and present. In comparison, ‘Mental Cases’ has a brutally honest tone all the way through, although it changes from questioning at the beginning to guilty towards the end. Owen achieves this guilty tone with the line â€Å"Snatching after us who smote them ,brother,† in which the narrator accepts that he and his companion are partly to blame for the tragic ending the men in front of them have, and the word ‘brother’ suggests that he feels closer to his companion because of this shared guilt. In conclusion, although each poem powerfully portrays a different kind of consequence that war could have on a soldier, they both seem to agree that the losses the subjects of each poem endured were a great sacrifice to them, and one which is irreversible. Another point which the poems seem to recognize, is that their losses were a mistake – it was not worth it. This is shown in disabled by the subjects regret and in ‘Mental Cases’ by the narrators guilt at sending the subjects to war. How to cite Comparing the Ways, Papers

Virtualization Cloud Computing Organizationâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About the Virtualization Cloud Computing Organization? Answer: Introduction: The network of the distant servers is hosted in Cloud computing. It is a practice and performed all over in the kingdom of Internet (Botta et al., 2016). The SoftArc Engineering Ltd has been an organization widespread through Australia with many other countries. It is a civil engineering company and various strategies are required to be suggested to it regarding the cloud-computing. This is more precisely regarding the cloud computing. The following report has been developed on the company. Various components regarding cloud computing has been discussed here. Description of the Cloud architectures to be employed to assist SoftArc: The Cloud Computing Architecture refers to the components and sub-components that have been necessary for cloud computing. Various types of architectures are described below. Different cloud architectures: Cloud Architecture Description Reasons to deploy it Dynamic Scalability Architecture This model is lying on the states of predefined scaling frameworks. These set off dynamic allocations of the resources of IT from the resource pools. The specific monitors of the cloud utilization have been tracking the use of runtime in regards to dynamic fluctuation because of the architecture. Resource Pooling Architecture It lies on the premise of the use of resource pools. Here comparable IT resources are assembled. And furthermore controlling has been finished by the framework. Guaranteeing of their synchronization naturally is done here. Distinctive "cloud use monitors are incorporated amid runtime. This tracks and synchronizes things required by the resources of IT pooled and other supporting administration systems (Buyya, Vecchiola Selvi, 2013). Elastic Resource Capacity Architecture It has been fundamentally related with virtual server's dynamic provisioning. It utilizes frameworks allocating and recovering the RAM and the CPUs (Toosi, Calheiros Buyya, 2014). The cloud utilization checking accumulates resource utilized data with respect to IT beforehand, amid and after the scaling. Workload Distribution Architecture It decreases over-use of the IT assets. Alongside this the monitoring has been additionally considered. It has been depending upon productivity of runtime rationales and the load-balancing" calculations to some degree (Wei et al., 2014). The "cloud use screen" has been incorporated to convey the following of runtime workload and preparing of data. The benefits and the issues on the deployment of those architecture: The Cloud Architectures The Benefits The Issues Dynamic Scalability Architecture The automated scaling listener is configured with the workload thresholds. This directs when the most recent resources are required to be fused to the preparing of workload. This instrument gains rationale deciding the quantity of additional IT resources to be conveyed progressively. This has been on the premise of the contract of the cloud consumer of the provided provisioning. This has an indistinguishable issue similar to Workload Distribution Architecture. Resource Pooling Architecture As the pool of resources gets characterized, the various occasions of the IT resources could be generated from each pool. The resource pools get to a great extent entangled as various pools are produced for the specific cloud applications or the consumers. A structure of hierarchy has been made from the parent, the nested and the sibling pools to facilitate SoftArc. Elastic Resource Capacity Architecture It is planned with the end goal that the shrewd automation engine script could transmit its solicitations of scaling through VIM. This has been done rather than specifically towards their hypervisor. Despite that, the virtual servers partaking in the allocation frameworks of elastic resources should be rebooted (Tebaa Hajji, 2014). This happens for allotting the dynamic resources to produce the results. Workload Distribution Architecture The fundamentals of this model have been connected to any IT resources with workload appropriations. This is mostly performed by the supporting distribution of the virtual servers, cloud storage devices and the cloud service (Chen et al., 2015). The idea is critical because of its traffics patterns has been unpredictable, demand of speedier reaction time duration and growing datasets. Risk assessments of the strategy of hybrid cloud: Name of Risk Risk description Potential control for the risk IT architecture design. The hybrid cloud is head boggling design of IT including altering blending of the public cloud, private clouds and on-premises information technology. This has been requiring refined IT representative to plan and run the "end-to-end" establishment that must reinforce endless data transaction between these levels (Gai et al., 2016). Various IT dissections have been without the basic expertise in-house. Henceforth the executives require choosing whether to secure that, contract against that, or directing internal preparation of IT skills. Data management The stockpiling automation has been used by more companies in their server branches. This is performed to course data to speedy or medium levels or some of the time to the used limit. This has been dependent upon the sort of data and data get to needs (Rittinghouse Ransome, 2016). The business rules and stewardship of the data gets more unsafe and more personality boggling while data has been ticketed for the non-server cultivate objectives. This must be saved and taken after. The gross result has been that the information technology ought to rethink its data stewardship and action course computerization benchmarks. This is to be done to incorporate how from time to time data ought to be. It incorporates and also the security and watch over the data in light of where it is to be secured. Security and privacy The security and assurance of data has been upgrading in the cloud. Despite this, it does not modify the process in which that corporate IT has the coordinate management, security, and insurance control over the data. These components are kept by the association inside their won focuses of information. In addition, it does not have this control inside the cloud immediately. SoftArc have obligations to their customers to keep data protected and secured. They require quantifying these obligations against the upsides of securing data within cloud. Here the data security and supervision control are reduced fundamentally. Bandwidth and latency Cloud access could be done by the methods of an ensured, private framework or consistently, over the web. This indicates transmission limit service and danger of inertness for the real-time data streams and massive data transformation changes to be more hazardous. This does not occur when they have been going on inside SoftArcs own inside network. One of the assessments of dangers that SoftArc ought to attempt for data and applications going to cloud has been the examination of the idleness or potential downtime SoftArc could bear (Hwang, Dongarra Fox, 2013). This happens if there is any unexpected obstruction or conceivably log traffic in communication of information regarding the cloud. Data security steps and controls: Addressing the crevices in "private-open meeting point": The platform of hybrid cloud has been including a stage where public and private clouds have been merging. This has been making some fissure through which pernicious components could might into the structure. To close the gap SoftArc should have an overwhelming methodology of encryption set up. They should in like manner have an exceptionally productive security bunch knowing cloud data about the fundamental target. They ought to likewise know about the safety. It should also include their cloud service provider put forth. Finding of the harmony between the "keeping in-house and outsourcing": Resources that have been kept at SoftArc within their private clouds have been needed to be resolved. There has been likewise an issue about which resource to be put away there (Leymann et al., 2014). Associations that hope to handle hybrid display as often as possible get blocked by this obviously fundamental query. To pick the matter, the company should be focusing upon the applications energetically. They should also consider the type of data dealt with by these applications. Managing information: The hybrid cloud is popular for its smooth access and ease of use. Nonetheless, it is unequivocally these components that make that weaker against hacking. For keeping them protected from different pernicious attacks, the endeavors require scrambling the data and the interchanges (Jula, Sundararajan Othman, 2014). With no data encryption system, intruders may expand free get to SoftArc's fragile data. It is to be remembered that poor course of action and management of data encryption is as ghastly as the no encryption. Picking of a Compliant Cloud Service Provider: SoftArc ought to pick a cloud authority whose methodologies must agree to the headings identifying with data management. This has been indispensable as SoftArc has been moving their data to the cloud and they are losing authority over them. Starting there on, the SoftArc's security transforms into the head agony of the cloud service providers. Taking all things into account, SoftArc's cloud establishment ought to be steady with the government controls identifying with data management. Occurrences like this might include the HIPAA and several industry measures, for instance, the PCI DSS. Recommendations to adopt the practice of hybrid cloud: Surveying the needs of SoftArc: SoftArc has been able to oversee and have the private clouds of own. They might also likewise employ the suppliers like the Rackspace or the IBM Ordering the applications and data of SoftArc: The ultimate result to possess a hybrid system is separating the companys information and applications within classes. This has been in perspective of where SoftArcneed to remain inside the cloud (Kalloniatis et al., 2014). So a fundamental approach is to examine about what the firm has been thinking regarding implementation of the cloud. And after that is should comprehend how fragile that was for the business centers. Carefully picking up of the vendors: To find right vendor, the organization require requesting huge deal from those requests. The correct vendors are the person who acquires a significant comprehension measures and triumphs incorporated to their collection with the associations like the SoftArc. Management of hybrid clouds: "Remote Server Administration Tools": The Windows 8 includes the "Server Manager". As a result of this, the above suggestion is required. This may likewise incorporate "Microsoft Management Console" snap-ins (Leymann et al., 2014). The "Windows PowerShell cmdlets" are also considered. "Prerequisites of resource administration": The SoftArc could also include the "OnCommand" cloud manager. This would give the focal administration to each closure of their information fabric. This is performed over the cloud. "SLA Management": The development in cloud environment possesses numerous consequences. The greater have been the basic changes over SLA benchmarks (Jula, Sundararajan Othman, 2014). Customarily, few of the IT bunches have finished the management over their resources. Description of steps to migrate the services with the critical points and issues at every step: Steps in migration plan: Step 1: The SharePoint over the AWS is been run. Step 2: "Scaling" and "deploying" of the collaborated platform must be performed rapidly. Step 3: The advantages AWS cloud is putting forth ought to be considered profited. Step 4: Imposing of the "scalability", the "information integrity" and the "pricing" for running the current SharePoint workloads must be performed. Step 5: The AWS may give extension to use the current licenses from the Microsoft. Critical focuses and issues of mitigation plans: Issue 1: Registry key of the "Constant Universal" key has to be set up (Kalloniatis et al., 2014). Issue 2: While using different particular NICSs, the default settings of the gateway are not actualized. Issue 3: The bug checking of the codes within the head has not been done. Conclusion: The practice of Cloud computing has been valuable in controlling, handling and putting away of information. The procedure is absolutely not at all like of what has been done over PCs or the local servers. Different cloud structures are talked about in the report alongside its benefits and detriments. For dealing with these hybrid clouds, different devices for distant server managing could be utilized. They make and control the particular cloud condition for organizations. The company should additionally portray their SLAs as per the ranges of domain that is either shut or have been on-premises. For picking legitimate vendors, this SoftArc Company must demand the experiences of the vendors. They ought to be asked some information about the quantity of associations they have worked with. This ought to be likewise queried regarding the number of huge endeavors, versus the medium and small associations, they have already worked with. References: Botta, A., De Donato, W., Persico, V., Pescap, A. (2016). Integration of cloud computing and internet of things: a survey.Future Generation Computer Systems,56, 684-700. Buyya, R., Vecchiola, C., Selvi, S. T. (2013).Mastering cloud computing: foundations and applications programming. Newnes. Chen, M., Zhang, Y., Hu, L., Taleb, T., Sheng, Z. (2015). Cloud-based wireless network: Virtualized, reconfigurable, smart wireless network to enable 5G technologies.Mobile Networks and Applications,20(6), 704-712. Choi, C., Choi, J., Kim, P. (2014). Ontology-based access control model for security policy reasoning in cloud computing.The Journal of Supercomputing,67(3), 711-722. Gai, K., Qiu, M., Zhao, H., Tao, L., Zong, Z. (2016). Dynamic energy-aware cloudlet-based mobile cloud computing model for green computing.Journal of Network and Computer Applications,59, 46-54. Grewal, R. K., Pateriya, P. K. (2013). A rule-based approach for effective resource provisioning in hybrid cloud environment. InNew Paradigms in Internet Computing(pp. 41-57). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Hu, F., Hao, Q., Bao, K. (2014). A survey on software-defined network and openflow: From concept to implementation.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,16(4), 2181-2206. Hwang, K., Dongarra, J., Fox, G. C. (2013).Distributed and cloud computing: from parallel processing to the internet of things. Morgan Kaufmann. Jula, A., Sundararajan, E., Othman, Z. (2014). Cloud computing service composition: A systematic literature review.Expert Systems with Applications,41(8), 3809-3824. Kalloniatis, C., Mouratidis, H., Vassilis, M., Islam, S., Gritzalis, S., Kavakli, E. (2014). Towards the design of secure and privacy-oriented information systems in the cloud: Identifying the major concepts.Computer Standards Interfaces,36(4), 759-775. Leymann, C. F. F., Retter, R., Schupeck, W., Arbitter, P. (2014). Cloud computing patterns.Springer, Wien. doi,10, 978-3. Li, J., Li, Y. K., Chen, X., Lee, P. P., Lou, W. (2015). A hybrid cloud approach for secure authorized deduplication.IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems,26(5), 1206-1216. Li, Q., Wang, Z. Y., Li, W. H., Li, J., Wang, C., Du, R. Y. (2013). Applications integration in a hybrid cloud computing environment: Modelling and platform.Enterprise Information Systems,7(3), 237-271. Lu, P., Sun, Q., Wu, K., Zhu, Z. (2015). Distributed online hybrid cloud management for profit-driven multimedia cloud computing.IEEE Transactions on Multimedia,17(8), 1297-1308. Pluzhnik, E., Nikulchev, E., Payain, S. (2014, June). Optimal control of applications for hybrid cloud services. InServices (SERVICES), 2014 IEEE World Congress on(pp. 458-461). IEEE. Ren, L., Zhang, L., Tao, F., Zhao, C., Chai, X., Zhao, X. (2015). Cloud manufacturing: from concept to practice.Enterprise Information Systems,9(2), 186-209. Rittinghouse, J. W., Ransome, J. F. (2016).Cloud computing: implementation, management, and security. CRC press. Taleb, T., Corici, M., Parada, C., Jamakovic, A., Ruffino, S., Karagiannis, G., Magedanz, T. (2015). EASE: EPC as a service to ease mobile core network deployment over cloud.IEEE Network,29(2), 78-88. Tebaa, M., Hajji, S. E. (2014). Secure cloud computing through homomorphic encryption.arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.0829. Toosi, A. N., Calheiros, R. N., Buyya, R. (2014). Interconnected cloud computing environments: Challenges, taxonomy, and survey.ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR),47(1), 7. Wei, L., Zhu, H., Cao, Z., Dong, X., Jia, W., Chen, Y., Vasilakos, A. V. (2014). Security and privacy for storage and computation in cloud computing.Information Sciences,258, 371-386. Zhang, H., Jiang, G., Yoshihira, K., Chen, H. (2014). Proactive workload management in hybrid cloud computing.IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management,11(1), 90-

Ohm and Ohm’s Law Essay Sample free essay sample

Ohm’s jurisprudence is a jurisprudence of natural philosophies. It states that in an electrical music director the ratio of possible difference ( electromotive force ) to current is changeless. For illustration. if the terminuss of an electric battery are connected to an electric lamp and the electromotive force end product of the battery is so decreased by 20 per centum. the sum of current fluxing through the lamp will besides be reduced by 20 per centum. Ohm’s jurisprudence was derived by experimentation by German physicist Georg Simon Ohm in 1826. It is expressed by the undermentioned equation: V=I x R In this equation V represents the possible difference between one terminal of the music director and the other ( that is. the electromotive force applied to the music director ) ; and R is called theoppositionof the music director. IfVoltis given in Vs andIis given in amperes.Roentgenwill be in ohms ( Crandall. 2004 ) . The jurisprudence offers a simple method of ciphering the electromotive force. We will write a custom essay sample on Ohm and Ohm’s Law Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page current. or opposition in a music director when two of these three measures are known. For illustration. if the direct-current electromotive force applied to an electric visible radiation bulb is 120 Vs and the fibril in the bulb has a opposition of 240 ohms. the current flowing through the fibril is I =Volt=120 Vs= 0. 5 ampere R 240 ohms Ohm’s Law is valid for metallic music directors ( for illustration. Cu and wolfram ) in is comparatively low. High currents will heat a metallic music director and do its opposition to alter. so that the ratio of electromotive force to current in the music director will besides alter. Ohm’s Law holds for a complete direct-current circuit every bit good as for any portion of the circuit. provided thatIis the entire current flowing between the points across which the electromotive force.Volt. is measured ( Leroy. 2003 ) . In alternating-current circuits. Ohm’s Law seldom is valid because the current flow is affected non merely by opposition but besides by factors known asinductionandelectrical capacity. Furthermore. the equation called Ohm’s jurisprudence is non one of the cardinal rules of natural philosophies. as are Newton’s Torahs of gesture and the conservation-of-energy rule. Yet Ohm’s jurisprudence has been considered of import plenty to be included in the natural philosophies course of study of pupils for more than one hundred old ages. When Ohm presented his thought. it was received with contempts. Ohm. at the age of 38. has served for 10 old ages as a poorly paid mathematics and scientific discipline instructor at the Jesuit College of Cologne. To measure up for a university place. he was required to bring forth some sort of scientific chef-doeuvre. the value of which would convey acknowledgment and university occupation offers. After many old ages of experimenting with electricity. during which clip he published legion short documents. Ohm produced a 250-page manuscript entitledMathematical Measurements of Electrical Current( Silver. 1998 ) . The paper was ignored by most of Ohm’s German co-workers. One critic who did non disregard it said. â€Å"A physicist who professed such unorthodoxies was unworthy to learn scientific discipline. † Ohm. unluckily. had presented his work at a clip and topographic point where experiment was disdained as a agency of geting cognition. He did non have a university place and even had to vacate from the Jesuit College. After six blue old ages. King Ludwig I of Bavaria helped Ohm obtain a chair at the Polytechnic School of Nuremberg. Ohm finally received acknowledgment for his work. In 1841. he was awarded the Copley Medal by the Royal Society of London. and in 1842 he was honoured as the Society’s most distinguished foreign member. Furthermore. Ohm’s jurisprudence provides a nice working definition for mensurating the opposition of an ohmic device. The definition does non. nevertheless. give us a good sense of what causes some objects to hold higher oppositions than others. An object’s opposition depends on belongingss of the object including among other things its dimensions and the type of stuff of which it is made ( Everdell. 1998 ) . For illustration. scientists have determined that the electrical opposition of cylindrical objects is straight relative to their lengthLiterand reciprocally relative to their cross-sectional countryA: Roentgen=PLiter A The proportionally changelessP( rho ) is called the object’sresistively; it depends on the type of stuff of which it is made and on its temperature. The equation above seems sensible. The longer an object is. the more hard it is for charge to traverse it ( like H2O that must go a long distance along a incline that has really little disposition ) . Besides. opposition additions as an object’s cross-sectional country lessenings because few electric charges are available to go through the little cross subdivision. The electric resistancePof a stuff depends in intrinsic belongingss of that type of stuff. such as the figure of negatrons per unit volume that are able to travel and the hinderance these negatrons experience as they travel through the stuff. Copper has low electric resistance because of its big concentration of free negatrons and the comparative deficiency of hinderance experienced by the negatrons while traveling through the Cu. On the other manus. the electric resistance of glass is about 1020times greater than that of Cu because it contains so few free negatrons ( Hook. 2002 ) . Copper is an illustration of a stuff called an electrical music director ( low electric resistance ) whereas glass is an illustration of an electricaldielectric( high electric resistance that prohibits the flow of electricity ) . The conductionOof a substance is the opposite of its electric resistance (O= 1/p) . Therefore. a stuff with low electric resistance has high conduction and is a good music direct or of electricity. and frailty versa. Mention:

Focus on Adjectives Ending in -ic and -ical

Focus on Adjectives Ending in -ic and -ical Many adjectives end in either -ic or -ical. Examples of Adjectives Ending In -ic: athleticenergeticpropheticscientific Example Sentences: The boys are very athletic and play a variety of sportsI didnt realize you were so energetic! Youve completed 10 exercises in the last hour.His writings were very prophetic and some think show the way of the future.Many feel that the only valid way to learn is the scientific approach. Examples of Adjectives Ending In -ical: magicaldiabolicalcynicalmusical Example Sentences: We had a magical evening at the concert.His political use of the military was diabolical.I wish she werent so cynical. I dont know whether I can believe anything she says.You Timothy is quite musical and plays the piano well. An extension of the adjective ending -ical is the adjective ending in -logical. These adjectives tend to be used with scientific and medical related terms. Examples of Adjectives Ending In -logical: psychologicalcardiologicalchronologicalideological Example Sentences: The psychological study of patients has led to many helpful discoveries.The cardiological unit of the hospital has saved many lives.The chronological listing of each Kings reign can be found on page 244.Many feel that an ideological approach to our political problems will not solve anything. There are a few cases in which both adjective endings are used with slight changes in meaning. Here are some of the most common: Economic /Economical economic relating to economics and financeeconomical money saving, frugal Example Sentences: The economic picture looks pretty depressing for the next few quarters.Its economical to reuse your banana peels as compost. Historic/Historical historic famous and importanthistorical dealing with history Example Sentences: The historic Battle of the Bulge was fought in Belgium.The historical significance of Da Vincis writings was discussed in Peter Goulds essay. Lyric /Lyrical lyric relating to poetrylyrical resembling poetry, musicality, etc. Example Sentences: Lyric poetry reading can help you find the music of everyday language.His lyrical approach to scientific writing help to popularize the subject.

Improving your hiring process, according to a former Google recruiter

Improving your hiring process, according to a former Google recruiter For years, Google has been considered kind of a gold standard in the tech recruiting and hiring field. It’s not just the lavish cafeteria or the geek-utopia vibe that has made the company such a giant and lasting success- much of the credit goes to smart hiring strategies and implementing an adaptive approach. If you’re looking to make your organization more Google-esque in your hiring (regardless of what field you’re in), former Google recruiter Kevin Grice has some fantastic insight into what you can do on a practical level.â€Å"Recognize your unconscious biases.†Most organizations have come in line with non-discriminatory policies that seek to eliminate blatant bias in hiring. But no matter how strict those policies are, or how conscious we are of hiring a qualified person without regard for their personal gender, religion, or race, unconscious bias will likely always come into play. For example, studies have found that people with identifiably ethnic names receive fewer interviews. And while unconscious bias means (by its very nature) that we don’t know exactly why we’re rejecting a person, it’s important to be aware that it exists and to evaluate whether it could be at play in any given step of the process.According to Grice, using systematic, consistent interviews is one way to limit bias. After all, if every candidate is answering the same questions at the same point in the process, it’s less likely that you’re asking a particular question because you have made an assumption about the interviewee. It also makes your job easier when it comes to evaluate and differentiate each candidate.â€Å"Don’t look for your doppelganger.†Speaking of bias, according to Grice, people tend to be drawn toward others who remind them of themselves, and organizations want to bring in people who fit in with a particular vibe. It’s basic human nature, which means it will inevitably come into play during the hiring process. And unfortunately, a philosophy of I like you because you remind me of myself leads to less diversity in your talent pool. With increased diversity a non-negotiable goal for so many organizations, specifically looking for people with different backgrounds or experiences is a way to increase that diversity throughout the hiring process.â€Å"Research the person you’re interviewing.†Just about every candidate who comes through your door for an interview will have spent time prepping for it: researching your company, reading up on the job description, tailoring their resume to the job. It’s not only common courtesy to do some prep work yourself, but also, according to Grice, an opportunity to show off your well-oiled organizational brand to your potential new hire.hbspt.cta.load(2785852, '9e52c197-5b5b-45e6-af34-d56403f973c5', {});That means not only researching the candidate so that you can ask substantive questions, but also ensuring that everyone on your interview panel is well-versed on the candidate as well. Grice recommends â€Å"digging a little deeper,† going beyond the standard checks of public social media profiles. A person’s past writing online, videos, etc., can help give you a fuller sense of the candidate- much more than a cursory read of their resume 10 minutes before the interview.â€Å"Be present.†Grice recommends giving all of your attention to an interview. We live in a multitasking world, but stepping away from email for an hour and focusing attention on a candidate not only ensures that you’re getting the most out of this conversation with a potential new hire, but that you’re also being a good ambassador for your o rganization. â€Å"I’m sorry, I really need to take this† or â€Å"I’m just finishing this email really quick† is rarely a mortal insult to an interviewee, but it does convey a message of, â€Å"this is not my top priority right now, sorry.†Whether your organization is a media conglomerate or a small business, Grice’s experience and insights show that all it takes to improve your hiring and interviewing skills are a few mindful, common-sense tweaks that can make all the difference.

International Political Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

International Political Economy - Essay Example (Ttreault and Abel, 1998: p. 3). With reference to the material reality individual actors are expected to be pursuing their self-interest through bargaining and the interplay of the market. (Ttreault and Abel, 1998: p. 3). Similarly considering the ideological reality one would expect to see a multi-faceted order and its potential for improving overall production and wealth skewed in various ways to provide different sorts of short-term advantages for those who can manipulate the system to conform to specific goals. (Ttreault and Abel, 1998: p. 3). For instance the flow of resources, the availability of money as well as the cost of doing business can be manipulated, even by weak countries if they seize the right moment. While the material reality may be evolving toward a complex interactive system, such an outcome serves to justify and describe one way or another to rig the system to a particular advantage rather than to structure a mutually beneficial international economic order likely to raise overall global wea lth but unlikely to generate individual distinction or preeminence for particular countries. (Ttreault and Abel, 1998: p. 3). Dependency theory refer to a set of theories, which maintained that third world countries fail to attain adequate and sustainable levels of development as a result of their dependence on the advanced capitalist economies. (Scott and Marshall, 2005). Built upon Lenin's theories of imperialism, the theory focused upon the economic penetration of the third world particularly Latin America by the large capitalist economies. (Lievesley, 2003). Dependency theory was developed in 1960 and called into question the structural developmentalism associated with Raul Presbish as well as the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA), which emerged in 1948 in Santiago, Chile. (Lievesley, 2003). According to the ECLA, the world was regarded as divided into center (the developed, industrialized North) and the periphery (the underdeveloped agricultural South) and the relationship between them was determined by the structure of the world economy. (Lievesley, 2003). The economy of Latin America concentrated on the production of primary inputs for export to the developed industrialized North. Presbish later discovered that instead of a mutually advantageous relationship between North and South, there was an unequal exchange with Latin American economies facing a long-term secular decline in their terms of trade thereby resulting in a chronic balance of payment deficits with the periphery having to export more and more in order to maintain the same levels of manufactured imports. (Lievesley, 2003). The figure in the following page represents the relationship between the developed industrialized North and the underdeveloped agricultural south. Figure 1. Dependency Theory Core/Metropolitan Centre Power Development Unequal Exchange Periphery Under development Marginal = Dependency Theory Source: Lecture Notes. Frank, a German Economist of development was the major contributor to dependency theory who in his book Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America (1967), concentrated upon the external mechanisms of control exerted by the centre (or metropole) upon the periphery (or satellite). (Lievesley, 2003; Scott and Marshal, 2005). The centre maintained the periphery in a state of underdevelopment for

Costs of Undergraduate and Graduate Degrees to Students in the Essay

Costs of Undergraduate and Graduate Degrees to Students in the European Union - Essay Example In countries, where education was not expensive, a major increase in the fees has been observed in the past few years. The example is Canada where the fee structure doubled in the last ten years. The fees of universities differ in terms of the courses, level of degree and between national or international students. Students take admission in the institutions where they are able to bear the fees because the cost of education varies from region to region. The international students are very particular in taking admission in those colleges or universities where they can afford the fees because most of these students take financial aids from the bank or funded by themselves. The international students have to show their financial balance sheet in order to take admission in a good university and they have to prove from their balance sheet that they can afford all the expenses in the first year of their education. If they are not able to meet these requirements, then they are not eligible to apply for student’s visa. In the universities of USA, it is comparatively easy to get admission because of the facility of university funding but in UK and other European countries, it is relatively difficult to take admission. The students in order apply in universities of Europe fulfill more complexed requirements and formalities and because of variation in the education cost, these universities deal with two aspects that include the cost of tuition and living expense. The purpose of this study is to compare the cost of educational degree in USA and European Union and compare which region is more suitable to study for students. Higher education differs from university to university and it is not sure that how college experience of student is going to be. In each university, there are different rules and regulations that students have to follow to compete with the social standard and reputation of university. There are some obvious similarities between the colleges and un iversities of the United States and the European countries. The standards of the United States universities are different from the standards of the European institutes and there is a cultural difference in both regions and this difference reflect in their system of education (Sheng 2012). Education in European Countries: In the 2020 Strategy of Europe, the European Council has made a structure of Union to gather all the instruments that include expansion of jobs and high growth. The main target of the European Union in this strategy is to increase the education level and all the members of the European Union must fulfill the education requirements that council have made. The economic research recently conducted reveals that in order to achieve the goals and meet the future objective of European Union, measures should be taken to improve the education in the region. The European Union has developed human capital policy because it is recognizing the significance of giving education to the people. The basic motive of the European Union to educate its citizen is that union understands upcoming requirements of education and more skills needed from people to compete in future. The cost of degree in universities of Europe is relatively low but top ten universities are planning to increase the fee structure of students and they are trying to increase the fees up to ?4,000 this year. However, they are certain requirement that

Adenosine Triphosphate and Aerobic Respiration Essay Example for Free

Adenosine Triphosphate and Aerobic Respiration Essay Comparison chart Embed this chart Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration DefinitionAerobic respiration uses oxygen. Anaerobic respiration is respiration without oxygen; the process uses a respiratory electron transport chain but does not use oxygen as the electron acceptors. Cells that use itAerobic respiration occurs in most cells. Anaerobic respiration occurs in bacteria, yeasts, some prokaryotes, erythrocytes (red blood cells), and in muscle cells. Production of lactic acidDoes not produce lactic acidProduces lactic acid (in lactic acid fermentation but not in alcoholic fermentation) Amount of energy releasedHigh (36-38 ATP molecules)Low (2 ATP molecules) ProductsCarbon dioxide, water, ATPLactic Acid Fermentation lactic acid, ATP Alcoholic Fermentation ethyl alcohol, ATP, carbon dioxide Reactantsglucose, oxygenglucose Site of reactionsCytoplasm and mitochondriaCytoplasm StagesGlycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron Transport ChainGlycolysis, Fermentation combustioncompleteincomplete Contents: Aerobic vs Anaerobic Respiration The process of aerobic vs anaerobic respiration 1. 1 Fermentation in anaerobic respiration 1. 2 Krebs cycle in aerobic respiration 2 Energy efficiency of aerobic vs anaerobic respiration 3 Video comparing Aerobic Respiration vs Anaerobic Respiration 4 References The process of aerobic vs anaerobic respiration The sugar molecules stored in the food are broken apart through enzyme-mediated reactions and the energy released is absorbed by cells. This process is much more effective in the presence of oxygen through aerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration requires oxygen in order to generate energy (ATP). It is the preferred method of pyruvate breakdown from glycolysis and requires that pyruvate enter the mitochondrion in order to be fully oxidized by the Krebs cycle. The product of this process is energy in the form of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), by substrate-level phosphorylation, NADH and FADH2. Anaerobic and aerobic respiration share the initial pathway of glycolysis but aerobic metabolism continues with the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. The post glycolytic reactions take place in the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells, and in the cytoplasm in prokaryotic cells. Fermentation in anaerobic respiration Without oxygen, pyruvate is not metabolized by cellular respiration but undergoes a process of fermentation. The pyruvate is not transported into the mitochondrion, but remains in the cytoplasm, where it is converted to waste products that may be removed from the cell. This serves the purpose of oxidizing the hydrogen carriers so that they can perform glycolysis again and removing the excess pyruvate. This waste product varies depending on the organism. In skeletal muscles, the waste product is lactic acid. This type of fermentation is called lactic acid fermentation. In yeast, the waste products are ethanol and carbon dioxide. This type of fermentation is known as alcoholic or ethanol fermentation. The ATP generated in this process is made by substrate phosphorylation, which is phosphorylation that does not involve oxygen. Krebs cycle in aerobic respiration The Krebs cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle, or the tricarboxylic acid cycle) is a series of enzyme-catalysed chemical reactions, which is of central importance in aerobic respiration. the citric acid cycle is part of a metabolic pathway involved in the chemical conversion of carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and water to generate a form of usable energy. Other relevant reactions in the pathway include those in glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation before the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation after it. Therefore, carbohydrates break into sugar and then into ATP. The overall process of aerobic respiration can be understood by the following reaction. C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O ——gt; 6CO2 + 12H2O + energy. Energy efficiency of aerobic vs anaerobic respiration Aerobic metabolism is 19 times more efficient than anaerobic metabolism (which yields 2 mol ATP per 1 mol glucose). Anaerobic respiration is less efficient at using the energy from glucose since 2 ATP are produced during anaerobic respiration per glucose, compared to the 38 ATP per glucose produced by aerobic respiration. This is because the waste products of anaerobic respiration still contain plenty of energy. Ethanol, for example, can be used in gasoline (petrol) solutions. Glycolytic ATP, however, is created more quickly. For prokaryotes to continue a rapid growth rate when they are shifted from an aerobic environment to an anaerobic environment, they must increase the rate of the glycolytic reactions. Thus, during short bursts of strenuous activity, muscle cells use anaerobic respiration to supplement the ATP production from the slower aerobic respiration, so anaerobic respiration may be used by a cell even before the oxygen levels are depleted, as is the case in sports that do not require athletes to pace themselves, such as sprinting. Video comparing Aerobic Respiration vs Anaerobic Respiration References http://en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Cellular_respirationoldid=320134686 Related Comparisons Oxygen vs Ozone Oxygen vs Ozone Mitosis vs Meiosis Mitosis vs Meiosis DNA vs RNA DNA vs RNA Photosynthesis vs Respiration Photosynthesis vs Respiration Mold vs Yeast Mold vs Yeast Comments: Aerobic Respiration vs Anaerobic Respiration Facebook Anonymous (4) Stay informed Get email alerts when new comparisons are published in these categories: Science L Biology Related Comparisons Oxygen vs Ozone Mitosis vs Meiosis DNA vs RNA Photosynthesis vs Respiration Mold vs Yeast Follow Diffen Make Diffen Smarter. Log in to edit comparisons or create new comparisons in your area of expertise! Sign up  » Top 5 Comparisons 1. Democrat vs Republican 2. Animal Cell vs Plant Cell 3. Meiosis vs Mitosis 4. Affected vs Effected 5. Empathy vs Sympathy Recently Compared Left Wing vs Right Wing American Football Conference vs National Football Conference Alprazolam vs Lorazepam Mammoth vs Mastodon Cat5 vs Cat5e Diffen logo About Diffen Sign up User Requests Feedback Comparison Categories Stay connected Comparison Categories Actors Actresses Bands Baseball Players Billionaires Cameras Cars Cell Phones Cities Companies Countries Credit Cards Cricketers Fictional Characters Formula 1 Drivers GPS Systems Music Genres Musicians Processors Roller Coasters Soccer Players Stadiums Tennis Players  © All rights reserved. Terms of use | Privacy policy share x Up next Oxygen vs. Ozone.

Culture from Cranium :: essays research papers fc

Culture from Cranium Eliot Brown   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the history of anthropology it has been a popular view that people are largely products of their culture, and not the other way around. Yet culture is an exclusively human phenomenon. While it is true that everyone lives within a cultural context, and that context accounts for varying degrees of who that person is (indeed, there are those who say that certain people are wholly products of their culture), the reverse is also true. Each person, then, has some degree of impact on the culture around him or her. The current culture of this country, for example, was hugely shaped by the intellects and ideals of those who founded it, even of the original European settlers. Just as a person can be almost fully created by their culture, so can a culture result almost fully from one person's intellect.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There have been many cases of such things happening throughout history. Some have met with success, and some not. For the purposes of this essay I have chosen to examine one case, which, considering it's sharp deviation from the cultural context from which it came, was surprisingly successful. The Oneida Community, in Oneida, New York was a unique religious communist society in the mid-nineteenth century. The community was based on the radical religious beliefs, and biblical interpretations of John Humphrey Noyes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Noyes grew up in a well to do household in Vermont. He Graduated from Dartmouth College in 1830 with high honors. Up to that point he had been cynically agnostic. But in 1831 he attended a revival with his mother lead by Charles Finney, the leader of a large religious movement in the northeast. Deeply moved he decided to enter the ministry. Noyes attended the Andover Theological Seminary and Yale Divinity School. It was at Yale that he started developing his controversial views, which then prevented him from being ordained. He decided that when one accepted Jesus that they were then totally without sin and had achieved a state of spiritual perfection. He also became convinced, as he wrote in a letter to a friend, that he was God's agent on Earth. Returning to Vermont, Noyes assembled a core group of 32 followers, consisting of his family and some friends, calling themselves the Putney Association. In 1844 the group adopted communism. They owned three houses, a store, a small chapel for collective worship, and ran two farms. Two years later they began practicing the systems of Mutaual Criticism and Male Continence. These practices lead to the persecution of the group by the surrounding communities, culminating in the arrest and indictment of Noyes.

Commercial Banks Essay

Banks have developed around 200 years ago. The natures of banks have changed as the time has changed. The term bank is related to financial transactions. It is a financial establishment which uses, money deposited by customers for investment, pays it out when required, makes loans at interest exchanges currency etc. however to understand the concept in detail we need to see some of its definitions. Many economists have tried to give different meanings of the term bank. Nature of Commercial Banks Commercial banks are an organisation which normally performs certain financial transactions. It performs the twin task of accepting deposits from members of public and make advances to needy and worthy people form the society. When banks accept deposits its liabilities increase and it becomes a debtor, but when it makes advances its assets increases and it becomes a creditor. Banking transactions are socially and legally approved. It is responsible in maintaining the deposits of its account holders. While defining the term banks it is taken into account that what type of task is performed by the banks. Some of the famous definitions are given below: According to Prof. Sayers, â€Å"A bank is an institution whose debts are widely accepted in settlement of other people’s debts to each other.† In this definition Sayers has emphasized the transactions from debts which are raised by a financial institution. According to the Indian Banking Company Act 1949, â€Å"A banking company means any company which transacts the business of banking . Banking means accepting for the purpose of lending of investment of deposits of money from the public, payable on demand or other wise and withdraw able by cheque, draft or otherwise.† Commercial bank being the financial institution performs diverse types of functions. It satisfies the financial needs of the sectors such as agriculture, industry, trade, communication, etc. That means they play very significant role in a process of economic social needs. The  functions performed by banks are changing according to change in time and recently they are becoming customer centric and widening their functions. Generally the functions of commercial banks are divided into two categories viz. primary functions and the secondary functions. The following chart simplifies the functions of banks. Primary Functions of Commercial Banks Commercial Banks performs various primary functions some of them are given below 1. Accepting Deposits : Commercial bank accepts various types of deposits from public especially from its clients. It includes saving account deposits, recurring account deposits, fixed deposits, etc. These deposits are payable after a certain time period. 2. Making Advances : The commercial banks provide loans and advances of various forms. It includes an over draft facility, cash credit, bill discounting, etc. They also give demand and demand and term loans to all types of clients against proper security. 3. Credit creation : It is most significant function of the commercial banks. While sanctioning a loan to a customer, a bank does not provide cash to the borrower Instead it opens a deposit account from where the borrower can withdraw. In other words while sanctioning a loan a bank automatically creates deposits. This is known as a credit creation from commercial bank. Secondary Functions of Commercial Banks Along with the primary functions each commercial bank has to perform several secondary functions too. It includes many agency functions or general utility functions. The secondary functions of commercial banks can be divided into agency functions and utility functions. A. Agency Functions: Various agency functions of commercial banks are * To collect and clear cheque, dividends and interest warrant. * To make payment of rent, insurance premium, etc. * To deal in foreign exchange transactions. * To purchase and sell securities. * To act as trusty, attorney, correspondent and executor. * To accept tax proceeds and tax returns. B. General Utility Functions : The general utility functions of the commercial banks include * To provide safety locker facility to customers. * To provide money transfer facility. * To issue traveller’s cheque. * To act as referees. * To accept various bills for payment e.g phone bills, gas bills, water bills, etc. * To provide merchant banking facility. * To provide various cards such as credit cards, debit cards, Smart cards, etc.

Modern culture Essay

As has lately been pointed out (Hesmondhalgh, 2002; Negus, 2002) this term has been used with some quite differing meanings or at least deviating from Bourdieu’s original intentions (Bourdieu, 1986). If they can be seen as active and cognizant agents of social and cultural change – change in the supposed interests of themselves and the class fraction to which they go, as Bourdieu would have it – then they have been recognized with cultural critics (Bourdieu, 1986; Hesmondhalgh, 2002); those promoting a new lifestyle (O’Connor and Wynne, 1998); and those who choose which products go forward during the cultural production chain. It has also been used to portray those who â€Å"make things happen,† putting artists, money and audiences together in a means that creates new cultural possibilities. This might comprise Diaghilev, or Brian Epstein, or Charles Saatchi. At a more ordinary level it can be used to portray those who are able to translate between the language of policy makers and that of the cultural producers. As with the A+R men (music industry talent scouts: Artists and Repertoire) in Negus’ description these intermediaries work to bond one level of discourse to another – to â€Å"symbolize† the interests of cultural producers within the framework of wider policy development, and speak this language back to those producers. By the time Tony Blair’s New Labour came to power in 1997 in the U. K. the cultural industries had a well-built policy presence – it was here that consultants and policy makers had interpreted academic literature and practical illustrations into coherent policy possibilities. The narrative context for this was boosted by New Labor’s legitimizing of the cultural industries – and the term â€Å"creative† acceptable an argument about a benign combination of culture and economics to be placed at the level of personal potential and aspiration. Those in the sector could now distinguish themselves and others as â€Å"creatives† (Caves, 2000; Florida, 2002). At the same time the cultural industries also became a U. K. policy export, with consultants – and now academics – being asked by many European cities to advice on culture as a motor of economic development. Though, the interaction of these policy intermediaries with extremely different contexts destined that the work of definition had to be done over, and as such the narratives spelled out more evidently. Often this was not easy as the cultural (and by now â€Å"creative†) industry discourse was linked with Blair’s â€Å"Third Way,† or with some Anglo-U. S. assault on a European cultural policy consent. Certainly it was quite clear that a shift in discourse would challenge recognized policy consensus. The terminology itself brought fresh problems; whereas the U. K. can use â€Å"industry† almost interchangeably with â€Å"economic sector,† elsewhere it evokes factory production (O’Connor, 2000b). Cultural enterprise or cultural business frequently had to supplement the main term. In fact â€Å"cultural industries† became greatly an imported neologism, given in the English original and then explained (O’Connor, 1999a). How the term and the arguments are used and reconfigured depends on the local context. But if it was usually seen as an argument concerning a new relationship between culture and economics, how this relationship was understood could be extremely different, as could too the outcomes envisioned and the groups who picked up the ideas. Policy makers used it to drive diverse agendas – job creation, urban regeneration, the commercialization of subsidized culture, emerging new media industries, creating employment, retaining talent, etc. But cultural producers also reacted in different ways – some seeing it as a new set of opportunities, others as the thin end of a precarious wedge. â€Å"The perceptions that the creative industries are open to talent, and are indeed dependent on diverse talent, have also been somewhat optimistic† . It must be clear then that in working to construct a new policy object, and in efforting to shift discourses around culture towards economics – with the provision that economics too is moving towards culture, the cultural industries discourse rallies a narrative to strengthen its policy goals. These narratives become more obvious when the discourse enters a new framework – it has to justify itself and make its arguments obvious not simply as technical policy tools but as concerned with the primary direction and meaning of modern culture.

Uruk - Mesopotamian Capital City in Iraq

Uruk - Mesopotamian Capital City in Iraq The ancient Mesopotamian capital of Uruk is located on an abandoned channel of the Euphrates river about 155 miles south of Baghdad. The site includes an urban settlement, temples, platforms, ziggurats, and cemeteries enclosed in a fortification ramp almost ten kilometers in circumference. Uruk was occupied as early as the Ubaid period, but began to show its importance in the late 4th millennium BC, when it included an area of 247 acres and was the largest city in the Sumerian civilization. By 2900 BC, during the Jemdet Nasr period, many Mesopotamian sites were abandoned but Uruk included nearly 1,000 acres, and it must have been the largest city in the world. Uruk was a capital city of various importance for the Akkadian, Sumerian, Babylonian, Assyrian, and Seleucid civilizations, and was abandoned only after AD 100. Archaeologists associated with Uruk include William Kennet Loftus in the mid-nineteenth century, and a series of German archaeologists from the Deutsche Oriente-Gesellschaft including Arnold NÃ ¶ldeke. Sources This glossary entry is a part of the About.com Guide to Mesopotamia and part of the Dictionary of Archaeology. Goulder J. 2010. Administrators bread: an experiment-based re-assessment of the functional and cultural role of the Uruk bevel-rim bowl. Antiquity 84(324351-362). Johnson, GA. 1987. The changing organization of Uruk Administration on the Susiana Plain. In The Archaeology of Western Iran: settlement and society from prehistory to the Islamic Conquest. Frank Hole, ed. Pp. 107-140. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. - 1987. Nine thousand years of social change in western Iran. In The Archaeology of Western Iran: settlement and society from prehistory to the Islamic Conquest. Frank Hole, ed. Pp. 283-292. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. Rothman, M. 2004. Studying the development of complex society: Mesopotamia in the late fifth and fourth millennia BC. Journal of Archaeological Research 12(1):75-119. Also Known As: Erech (Judeo-Christian bible), Unu (Sumerian), Warka (Arabic). Uruk is the Akkadian form.

A comparison of freud, jung and adlers key issues

A comparison of freud, jung and adlers key issues Freud, Jung and Adler are influential theorists that have specific positions across human nature, problem formation, change and techniques as it relates to personality theories. Freud’s theory is referred to as psycho-analysis, Jung’s is analytical psychology and Adler’s is individual psychology. All theories have similarities and differences as they seek to describe what factors contribute to the development, nurture and shapes of one’s personality. The theories of Freud, Jung and Alder â€Å"attempt to answer basic questions about the nature of personality† and examine whether we were born with a specific personality, whether the personality is a learnt behavior or whether it is influenced by unconscious or conscious forces (Schultz these are recurring modes of action that set in motion and produces a psychological state, the end result is a behavior that ultimately obtains pleasure. Adler’s view on human nature states that every individu al is unique and there is eccentricity and distinctiveness in human personality. His view on human nature differs from that of Freud’s and Jung’s concerning the idea of inherited personality components as a â€Å"superstition† (Erwin, 2010). Adler doesn’t believe that innate instincts motivate behavior like Freud and Jung; instead it is his opinion that goals and the preferred way of achieving them are selected by the human. Jung’s view of human nature is deterministic, spiritual and comprises of free will. He is of the opinion that humans are conflicted with opposing forces for example for every positive thought unconsciously there must be a negative one behind it. Freud’s view is similar in that it is also deterministic. He is of the opinion that no behavior by a human is a mistake; there is a specific reason for all actions. Freud, like Jung also believes that the unconscious mind influences behavior, however his stance differs somewhat b ecause his theory suggests that behavior is motivated through the unconscious mind. Adler’s view of human nature differs from that of Freud’s and Jung’s, his view is that feelings of inferiority and inadequacy motivate a person to strive for success. This drives continues throughout life and becomes the motivator of behavior and continues to influence goals. Freud defines the structure of personality using a topographic model that consists of the unconscious, the preconscious and the conscious. Jung’s idea on the structure of personality is similar to that of Freud’s, he too believes in the conscious and unconscious. However Jung’s differ in that he is of the opinion that difficulties and trying situations that develop in the unconscious mind exhibits itself in the conscious mind and alters the personality of an individual, at times the conscious and unconscious components may fuse together rather than remaining seperate and distinct (Erwin, 2010). On the other hand, Adler is of the assumption that personality does not have a specific structure but instead an â€Å"indivisible unity†. Adler does not agree with Freud and Jung that the majority of our personality is embedded within the unconscious, he believes that whatever thoughts and behaviors are stored in the unconscious are things that we wish to avoid, evade or don’t quite understand. Thus in the opinion of Adler, the conscious and the unconscious work hand in hand to comprehend and achieves one’s goals established by the being.

Tesla Motors (TSLA) case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tesla Motors (TSLA) - Case Study Example However, it had an upper hand over the other machines owing to the fact that the car did not emit gaseous waste products to the atmosphere, as it relied solely on electricity for power up and performance (Gregersen, 2014). One major reason for the invention of the electric cars is that oil is a commodity, whose availability may be limited by the year 2020. Oil is slowly but drastically becoming a depleting source of renewable energy (El Deeb et al, 2014). As at today, Tesla Motors has grown to produce two models of these electric vehicles namely, The Tesla Roadster and Models S. There are plans however, that are underway to produce a third model, Model X by around 2015 (Ggrabianowski). In addition to these electric cars, Tesla has gone an extra mile of creating charging points at strategic locations especially in North America, Europe and Asia. In those areas, owners of such vehicles could charge these Tesla vehicles for free. Despite the fact that the company enjoys a great name for their innovations, economic analysts have on the contrary predicted that the company will contradictorily witness a decrease by 297.06% in total earnings this year. â€Å"Tesla motors design and sells high- performance; highly efficient electric sports cars which do not compromise the customers in any way. Tesla motor cars combine style, acceleration and handling with advanced technologies, which make them among the quickest and the most energy- efficient cars on the road† (El Deeb et al, 2014, pg 3). The management has close to twenty senior employees that run the whole company with Elon Musk as the CEO. He is an experienced CEO with strong managerial background, and he is believed to be recruiting only the best employees around into the firm. The sports cars manufacture takes place in California, where less than  ¼ of the company factory is used to produce just but a single model. Hence, the managing team boasts of enough space to allow for newer models of Tesla motors.

Human Resource Learning and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Human Resource Learning and Development - Essay Example But with time, it was seen that many international managers were facing problems in dealing with the employees, there was high turnover, low job satisfaction and the result was that many international managers were returning to their home country. What the company lacked was the fact that it needed to train its cross cultural managers so that it can manage the hotel in the way it wanted. Thus, a training session was organized, which would tell these managers how to deal with cross cultural customers in a country which is foreign for them as well. This training was done for those international managers who plan to make their careers in any of the three Middle East countries i.e. Saudi Arabia, U.A.E and Egypt. Prior to the workshop, the managers were asked interviewed as to their knowledge of the Middle East countries. The result was that they knew very little about these countries, their working style or their cultures, even though they were well aware of what their job demands of the m. Moreover, the survey was also done which reinforced this point. (Lucas, 1994) Before discussing the specificities of the training program that the international managers will go through, it is necessary to discuss the theories of training that have been presented so that this case can be fit into these theories and it can be said that the literature which has been written on the subject of training is being thoroughly considered before starting a training session of its own. The content theories of training stresses on the vitality of such training which makes the trainee learn things based on the experience of the previous learners and the context in which they have worked. Obviously the context in which various trainees are trained is entirely different. Therefore, the context of the previous learners will not be taken into consideration. Only their knowledge and the experience that they share by the type of training they went through will be important and it will be applied to the new context of the new trainees. (Blake, 2003) The learner will be facilitated in a way which will help him relate the new knowledge being given by the knowledge that is already in his mind and then to have the process of unchanging by processing the old knowledge to become new knowledge and to be stored as such in the memory. There will even be material that the trainee can use even after the training is over and therefore, this will reinforce the learning habits which were taught in the training session and will stay with the trainee for a long time. (Keeps, 2002) The cognitive system that is studied under the content theories of training emphasizes on three factors which should be taken into consideration when a trainee is being trained. Firstly, the individual should be equipped with long term memory about a certain subject that is, he should be able to have a perfect understanding in the long term for a particular subject, in our case, it is slicing films and dealing with films in the projection room. Secondly, the processing skills of each

Risk management in advanced nurse practice Essay

Risk management in advanced nurse practice - Essay Example The management of risk in health institutions is made depending on the code of operation of a specific practice. However, many state governments provide minimum requirements that each patient and practitioner must adhere to. In most cases the patient is given the freedom to agree or disagree with a certain mode of operation. For instance, before any critical operation, a patient should consent to it before it is carried out. If they are not in a position to do it, then the immediate family is given this mandate. However, there are exceptions if there is an emergency situation and there is no member of the immediate family to consult. According to O’Reilly (2009) when a medical practice fails to consider available options, a patient is entitled to compensation in any case of harm. Additionally, medical practitioners are not allowed to act under their own jurisdiction. This means that before any crucial medical step, the management of a medical practice should also be included i n the decision making. ... If the uncertainty was avoidable then the medic in charge should be doubtful. Nevertheless, this does not mean that the medic should be prosecuted for the mistake. Neglect on the part in the part of the nurse should lead to prosecution. However, in many cases on uncertainties the organization takes responsibility of the incident rather than letting a medic be solely judged for it. According to Jasper (2008) in case of any patient incident, a medical practitioner is advised to prepare a full report on the occurrences during the incident. To maintain its credibility, the author further argues that witnesses should be included in all medical reports. Liabilities caused can be fatal to the career of an advanced practice nurse. If it reaches to a point where a medic I challenged to a law suit, the consequences could also portray a negative picture on the medical institution. It is for this reason that medical institutions have in place a proper risk management team. Risk management in med ical institutions is the best way to shield a practitioner from liabilities (Cornelison, 2008). Before enrolling into an institution, medical practitioners should review an organization’s mode of protecting its employees from liabilities. The relationship between an institution and an employee should be based on performance rather than operating conditions. Practitioners should be given the freedom to operate without being intimidated by the rules and regulations formulated by the company. Providing legal counsel to an advanced practice nurse should be based on how well they are protected from uncertainties. Working unions provide another option of cushioning from liabilities. Unions over the years have been referred as the

History of the Feminist Art Movement

History of the Feminist Art Movement Before the twentieth century, women artists struggled to participate in the male-dominated art world. Male domination forbade female learning in general. Women had minimal access to courses in art history, philosophy, and anatomy of the human body. Not gaining any perspective of the human anatomy hindered the women artists from creating realistic portraits or accurate majestic scenes. Along with the educational limitations, female artists were forbidden to sketch from live models because it compromised their integrity. Proper social protocol would suggest that self-expression of a female was limited to bearing children, conforming to proper social etiquette and lace making. Some women artists rejected social protocol of marriage to pursue freedom within their artistic expressions. These female artists laid the foundation for equality of artistic freedom despite the harsh regulations placed on their paintings. These pioneering female artists would discreetly incorporate feminist meanings into their work and wanted to remove the gender label from their artworks. The purpose of de-gendering their art was to compete and find recognition of their talents within the art society. By de-gendering their paintings, female artists started to gain recognition of their talents. During the early nineteenth century, female artists reputations affirmed their talents and they slowly achieved success. The twentieth century marked a major social and cultural movement for them. Female artists insisted equality within society by protesting the gender biases and limited opportunities within the art community. Their disapproval provided a foundation for women artists to fight for equality and justice within museums and art galleries. Along with verbally fighting for equality, these women designed their art to cross gender, sexual, and social norms. Early generation feminist artists inspired future generations o f female artists to break the stereotypes of art. Pioneering female artists had the courage to create artistic masterpieces, expose the gender biases within the art community, and shatter creative boundaries within society. This path for womens equality in art was received with criticism and objectification. Noticeable separation of male to female artists is illustrated in Johann Zoffanys group portrait of the newly founded Royal Academy in 1772. Female artists Kaufmann and Moser are not included among the male artists but their portraits hung on the academys walls (Chadwick 7). Their artistic talents were comparable to the gentlemen within the academy, yet, Zoffany treated these women as objects, not equals. During the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, women were barred from the study of the nude models that formed the basis for academic training. The lack of academic training provided to these women did not stifle them from succeeding within the art community. Sofonisba Anguissola illustrated in fifteenth century that women could challenge the male artist, even with the limitations placed on their artistic boundaries. Women were confined to paint only self-portraits or respectable landscapes. Sofonisba Self-Portraits exemplifies her techniques in painting by the contrast, lights, and colors used in her portraits. These portraits incorporate her place within society, culture, and her own virtuoso. Sofonisbas father stifled her paintings when she became of age to marry. She refused to stop painting and defied society by continuing to paint when she was married and was bearing children (Chave). Her portraits still astound the art community with her brush techniques. Artemisia Gentileschi challenged society with her portrait of Susanna and the Elders created after the conviction of Artemisias rapist. She lived a horrible life of torture, rape, and deception. Her father was a great artist and ran his own studio for inspiring male artist. Her father taught her how to paint within the boundaries of properly raised females. During one of her fathers sessions a young student lured Artemisia to an outside room and raped her at the age of twelve. The charge of rape was unheard of and the case was taken to the high courts. At the trial, her thumbs were bound and tightened with each question asked by the court. This torture was to ensure the court that she was telling the truth under pain. The young gentleman was convicted, which embarrassed her fathers reputation. Artemisias father disowned her for many years over the judges ruling. She was able to transform her passion and personal pain over the years to create artistic masterpieces. With her success, s he opened a school for women artist at the young age of 14 (Mieke). Womens liberation was still considered absurd through the 1800s, but one woman artist took the world by surprise. Rosa Bonheur was an extraordinary woman that was restricted to drawing and painting wildlife portraits and landscapes. Rosa incorporated messages of empowerment and rebellion in The Horse Fair, which illustrates horses being pulled and shoved by the male handlers. The message of The Horse Fair was translated over the years as the horses represented the womens struggle for equality and freedom. In her personal life, she broke the mold by dressing as a man, having a female companion, and controlled her own money (Madden). Rosas conviction to be a woman artist and self reliant demonstrated early ambitions of womens liberations. The womens liberation movement started to gain momentum in the early 1900s with the Womens Suffrage Movement. This movement involved women uniting for equality within the social and political organizations. These rebellious women uprooted themselves from the daily tasks of cooking and cleaning to picket the White House for equality. The feminist movement for equality did not gain much political ground and many of these organizations disbanded over the inequality frustrations. This movement influenced many women to start exploring their own freedoms within society. This female exploration developed into various feminist organizations that promoted carefree attitudes of dancing, smoking, and enjoying life. Enjoying life was short lived for the early feminist groups due to the Great Depression in the 1930s. During WWII, feminist started to pull out of the depression and began performing masculine rolls within society. Rosie the Riveter was an image of the powerful women supporting their family and the country while at war. The image of Rosie fueled the sense of independence and freedom within women lives. Unfortunately, the war ended and men returning home from war wanted their positions back as the family provider. Women returning to the role of homemaker did not sit well with the feminist organizations because they started to gain social and political freedoms (Nguyen). The early 1900s laid a foundation for women rights and freedom of self-expression and liberation. However, it took another twenty years for the feminist movement to gain any ground within society or the art community. Through the 1960s and 1970s, America was facing the Vietnam War and social changes within the largest social structure, the Catholic Church. Women realized their lack of representation within society and the art community. They began to organize themselves into support groups in order to raise awareness of equal opportunities. A new wave of feminism gained momentum by actively questioning gender norms and tackling stereotypes. The Womens Liberation Movement in the Sixties started with the fight for Civil Rights among blacks, the left-wing political student revolution of 1968, and the demonstrations against the Vietnam War (Humm 132). In addition, these protests included the struggle for abortion-rights, sexual freedom, social, and economical equality. The Womens Liberation and female artists became intimately joined forces in fighting for visualizing the injustices of society. The inequality of women expanded into the artistic community that escorted the first protest on the American art world. These protests focused on racism and sexism within the art community that enraged many feminist. The progress for equality was beginning to become organized and powerful, which allowed for all injustices to be fair game. One of the organizations was the Art Workers Coalition that was formed by artist George Takis. He removed one of his sculptures from the Museum of Modern Art or MoMA in 1969, which drew attention to his disapproval of the treatment of various artists (Gross). However, his protest for women artists equality was not as important to him as other causes. This infuriated the women artists within the group to strike out on their own. The Women Artists in Revolution or WAR was an established as a fragment organization to protest the male dominated Art Worker Coalition. Cindy Nemser is an art historian and critic, who published numerous journals in the 1970s about the liberation of women artists. She attended one of the first meetings of WAR. They gained recognition as artists and not as objects within the art community (Russell and Spencer 112). One of the crucial topics during the first meeting was the debate whether to have an all womens artist exhibition. A few women felt fearful that they would be stigmatized by exhibiting their artwork with only women. Within moments the debate resolved to the resolution to have a exhibit featuring twelve women artists, which they would call X12:X. The intention of this exhibit was to illustrate the power and talents of women artists and it became a milestone for equal artistic rights. These twelve women artists conducted their exhibition on the roof in the East Village, NYC in 1970. Artists were: Iris Crump, Lois DiCosola, Maryann Gillies, Silvianna Goldsmith, Helene Gross, Doloris Holmes, Arline Lederman, Inverna Lockpez, Carolyn Mazzello, Vernita Nemec, Doris OKane, and Alida Walsh (Bock DiCosola). That same year of the X12:X exhibition the A.W.C. and W.A.R. collaborated to protest the actions of the Whitney Museum. The Whitney Museums Annual opening in 1970 featured 143 artists and only 8 of the artist were women (Gross). This lack of women artists representation in the museum piloted demonstrations by the Women Artist in Revolution and the Art Workers Coalition. These organizations advocated equal opportunities by direct open letters, demonstrations, and media interviews. The purpose of these demonstrations was to insist that all the art institutions reorganize the museums exhibition agenda. These demands included topics of feminism, anti-racism, and anti-war movements that needed to be incorporated into the museums exhibitions. In addition, these demands included the participation of the art institutions to exhibit and place minorities and womens artists within society. Due to the intensive fight for equality of female representation at the museums the Whitney Museum raised from 5% in 1970 to 22% in 1971. These protests opened many avenues for social and artistic equality within society (Tobias). Another organization fighting for women artists rights was AIR or Artists in Residence. The AIR Gallery open in 1972 and is the first non-profit gallery that exhibits women artists in America. These female artists would determine what programs and exhibits would be illustrated in the gallery. Also, each female artist would have the opportunity to demonstrate their works by designing and installing their own show. Some of these exhibits would attract some commercial venues but the majority of the exhibits would challenge the view against the stereotypes of women in society (Chave). This artistic evolution opened numerous opportunities for writers to focus on the history of womens equality within the artistic society. Moreover, these writers wanted to expose the tainted past with the historical perception of women artist. Linda Nochlin published an essay in 1971 called, Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists? This essay inspired women artists to reject art history of women because of the injustices within the educational and cultural opportunities. These rejections offered women the authority to reject the customary artistic education, which was held in reserve for male artists. She communicates that the fault for the lack of women artist did not lie within their stars or hormones. Linda explains that women artists do not have the golden nugget of genius and continues to state that women artists were not born with the genes to be a great artist because of the lack of a penis (Nochlin). Lindas publication encouraged many women artist to reject the past and re ach within their soul to find new inspirations within female art. Judy Chicago read Nochlins essay and began to re-educate herself in art history by rejecting the tilted observations of male art history. Judys earlier exhibitions of her work at the Jewish Museum included paintings as the Rainbow Pickets and Primary Structures. These earlier artworks utilized the Minimalists approach (Chave). However, this approach to art was abandoned with the awareness of the fight for womens equality within the artistic community. Nochlins essay inspired women like Judy to move toward the feminist art faction and to usher in aspirations of artistic creativity. The female artists of the revolution went beyond gender bias to create a new generation of stirring and proactive art. This evolution of womens expressionism facilitated the new wave of liberating topics that was incorporated into paintings, sculptures, and education (Lucie-Smith 196). Miriam Schapiro embraced the female experience of crafts and developed a new median of art. She was inspired by this feminist movement to demonstrate and elevate the status of crafts to a fine art through sewing, collage, and painting. The use of embroidery and cross-stitching within art has come to be known as femmage. Femmage was a word that stood for hand sewn art that incorporated different fabrics and textures. This unique use of crafts elevated her work to the high-art of collages, which is seen in the Dolls House at the Womanhouse project (Bock DiCosola). Schapiro wanted to encourage the ordinary housewives to be inspired and made aware that their daily tasks could be turned into beautiful art. Her popularity within the womens community allowed her to challenge the establishments of injustices and encouraged women to emerge from the isolation of the housewifes persona. Schapiros enthusiasm for liberating the housewife included educational projects with Judy Chicago. Judy and Miriam became acquainted by their recognition of each others earlier artistic challenges in the male dominated art society. They first met at a dinner held in the home of Allan Kaprow, where they discussed the possibility of Schapiro lecturing at the university where Judy resided. Both of these women embraced the emancipation of women and women artists. The first advancement of educational programs for women in art was created by Judy at California State University. Judy and Schapiro integrated their talents to design the first Feminist Art Program at the California Institute of Arts (Lucie-Smith 194). It was the intention of this school to create a new generation of artists, who had an expanded knowledge of the feminist self awareness. These challenges and recognition of each others work encouraged Judy and Miriam to have an exhibit that allowed the women artists to express their new femininity. In 1972, Womanhouse project was a brainstorm of Judy Chicago and Miriam Schapiro and integrated the Feminist Art Program at the California Institute of the Arts. This exhibition encouraged students of the Feminist Art Program to participate. The intention of the Womanhouse is to showcase womens performances and art outside of the school environment. Projecting the students into the social community gave a new purpose for their art and a chance to open the minds of the public to liberating womens artistic abilities. This exhibition joined forces with all the students to prepare a dilapidated house in a suburban area of Hollywood. Students that worked several jobs had to prioritize their lives to create new pieces for the exhibit. Beyond their own works of art, the students became laborers in repairing windows, rewiring electric and other carpentry related tasks. Unfortunately, the undertaking of this project became overwhelming for the students and staff. Numerous students were pushed to their limits and suffered sleep deprivation and exhaustion in preparation. Judy became the general of this project by yelling, poking, and pushing students to their limits (Sider). The students and staff managed to convert this house into a month long art exhibition for the public. Each woman was given a room to create whatever they wanted, providing it followed the parameters of the females experiences. The Womanhouse exhibition was received with mixed reactions by the critics. These participating artists were less concerned with the critics and more concerned with raising the conscious awareness in femininity. Each night of the show, the media and spectators filled the exhibition rooms to interact with many talented artists. The general, or Judy, created the Menstruation Bathroom that included a waste basket overflowing with dirty, bloody pads. She also scattered around the bathroom various feminine hygiene projects. Another inventive use of household items is the Linen Closet designed by Sandra Orgel. The Linen Closet illustrates a women trapped inside the closet or incorporated into the closet next to the folded towels. The head of the females appears to have been chopped off and placed on the self. The one leg appears to be outside but also attached to the body, it seems to be that she was stuck inside the boundaries of traditional womens duties. The traditional womens duty was challenged by a room called Waiting at Womanhouse. Waiting at Womanhouse was performed by Faith Wilding, which involves her sitting in a room with her hands folded while she rocks back and forth reciting words that stereotyped women. Faith would mutter words like, waiting for someone to feed me, put me on the toilet, or waiting for menopause. The message provided by this piece demonstrates the outdated suppression of females but also provides a powerful voice to break the cycle of oppression. Nurturant Kitchen was a combined insulation by Susan Frazier, Robin Weltsch and Vicki Hodgetts. The Womanhouse exhibit provided a creative outlet for the artist to explore the feminist view of unequal opportunities in society. Moreover, it illustrates the talents that women possess when they are not muffled by the male dominated society (Sider). During the Womanhouse exhibit, another organization for womens equal rights was beginning to assemble. In 1971, the Women in Arts Foundation or WIA became a structured foundation that addressed the discriminations against women artists. This foundation challenged the unfair practices of jurying female artists for shows. Also, they provided educational and professional information to these artists, so that they could govern their careers with knowledge. A majority of these educational programs tackled topics dealing with various law practices, grants, art dealers, and coping with critics (Morgan). The WIA organization also contributed in protests that took to the streets of New York. They would have television interviews, speeches, and even picketed events that were unjust to the female artist. WIA conducted a protest in front of MoMA, which included numerous open letter campaigns to the New York museums to reorganize their ignorance toward women artists. The result of this protest led to the Women Choose Women exhibition that opened in 1973. This show included only 109 of nearly 500 WIA members (Tobias). Although the percentage of women was low, it still set a precedent for future womens exhibitions. Women Choose Women was essential not only because it was the first womens museum exhibition but it gained recognition by the art community. It was important because it demonstrated that women artists were no longer under the control of the male influences and these males could no longer determine what works of the females would be exhibited. Also these women artists would decide how these exhibitions would be interpreted. Inverna Lockpez was one of the artists featured in this exhibition with an untitled painting. Lockpez was always involved with the womens movement since the early sixties and felt that this show was overdue. Buffie Johnson, Betty Parsons, and Mary Frank were among some of the diverse artists that were featured in this exhibit. This show illustrated various womens artistic abilities and was hosted by the New York Cultural Center (Jolly). The Women Choose Women show set precedence for other women artists to unify and take control of their artwork. The Women Choose Women and the sexual revolution aided in the liberation of homosexual and bisexual female artists. However, the fight for womens freedom was still ongoing and to tackle another issue for female homosexual equality would be challenging. The League for the Advancement of Lesbianism in the Arts was founded in Los Angeles. This foundation provided a safe environment for their members to explore the freedom of sexuality through their art. In New York City lesbian artists protested the lack of support within the art community. Ellen Turner, Maxine Fine, Flavia Rando, Ellen Turner and Fran Winant would target high traffic populated areas and saturate them with copies of their artworks. These artwork flyers would have the female artists drawings, which was stamped with the word lesbian art across the flyer. In 1974, the Lesbian Herstory Archives was founded in New York City by Joan Nestle and Deborah Edel. The undertaking of this foundation was to gather and preserve records of lesbian lives and activities so that future generations will have access to the material. Moreover, lesbian artists were gaining some recognition in 1978 with A Lesbian Show exhibition (Jolly). Harmony Hammond created the A Lesbian Show which was an exhibition that featured lesbian artists. In the early 1970s, she exhibited art pieces that resembled the feminist attitudes of the times. Beyond the confronting of the current feminist agenda, Harmony came out as a lesbian and became a strong voice for future generations of lesbian artists. She is an accomplished artist that incorporates lesbian feminism into her paintings, sculptures, and writings. Her artistic works incorporates the female stereotypical household materials into her sculptures and paintings. Some of these materials included the use of blankets, curtains, and any recycled cloths that were transformed into crocheted painted rugs. Harmony also experimented with latex and rubber materials in her sculptures which are illustrated in her bag collection. Today, this pioneer of womens art is still an accomplished artist, writer, curator, and publisher on the topic of lesbian art (Russell and Spencer 220-221). In the 1970s there were many foundations that supported the feminist fight. However, lets go beyond the organizations or exhibitions and explore a few of these pioneering feminist artists. These women used their artistic creativity to express unique insights within feminist art. It is important to recognize each of these following women as courageous and bold women within their own convictions to broaden the artists awareness to female art and equality. Cindy Sherman established her reputation as an artist by using Untitled Film Stills to provide a different prospective on photography. In the late 1970s, she created a series of black-and-white photographs which the artist depicted herself dressed in the guises of clichà ©d B-movie heroines. Another artist that used film within the artistic community was Joyce Wieland. She was a painter, writer, and director of her own movies, which include The Far Shore. Joyce is called the pioneer of the idea of women working together to create art. She was the first artist to hire outside individual quilters to quilt various pieces for her Reason Over Passion(Chadwick 383). Joyce was considered one of the most important artist figures with the U.S. and Canada. Judy Chicago used other female artists to aid her creation of the 1979 piece called The Dinner Party. She had taken the idea of getting other women to help her from Joyce Wieland, but unlike Wieland, Judy Chicago never paid the people who worked for her. This Dinner Party took five years to complete and she has since received a bad reputation for exploiting the work of other artists by taking the credit for herself (Chadwick 229). Judys efforts and drive helped the feminist movement toward a positive direction but after this show her past accomplishments were over shadowed by her greed. Benglis is the next feminist artist that rocked the artistic community. Her creations are very unusual concepts of the use of latex. During the feminist movement, she poured latex and foam to create sculptures. Benglis angrily created these works of art to represent the male dominated fusion of paintings and sculptures that had taken place within Process Art and Minimalism. Movement of the material was the purpose for creating these sculptures with the foam and latex. Benglis work was met with controversy over the critical awareness of the abstraction of content and the gesture of the mass (Tobias). Her creations of sculptures were very formal but used unique materials that captured the audience imagine. The sculptures during the feminist movement varied from latex to fiberglass. Hesses preferred material was fiberglass, which incorporated organic geometric elements into the sculptures. Most of her sculptures were rigid and contained mechanical shapes and forms. Unfortunately, during her peak of artistic genius, Hesse discovered that she had a brain tumor. It has been said that her unique situation gave her the inspiration to boldly use materials like latex, rubber, and cheesecloths to define movement within the sculptures (Chadwick 340). The last feminist artist that inspired this research for the liberating art movement was Betye Saar. She began creating artworks that incorporated the social injustices arranged within boxes with windows. Saar used mixed media collages, assemblages, and installations to illustrate her message of freedom. Saars work had a methodic element of passage of life, death, and rebirth. Each of her artworks conveyed stories of equalities, her own mixed culture, and the fight for civil liberties. The majority of her art work deals with issues of race and gender equality. The Liberation of Aunt Jemima forces the audience to see the injustices within the social boundaries of life(Barko). In closure, the evolution of the artistic freedom illustrates the level of bias within the education and opportunities offered to the early pioneer women artists. During the late 1960s and early 1970s, female artists began to organize and fight for equal artistic and personal freedoms. These early struggles for equal exhibitions led many female artists to conduct protests and boycotts of various museums to gain recognition. Various female artists that had the opportunity to exhibit their works opened new avenues for future feminist artists. These artistic pioneers illustrated that females are just as talented, bold, and provocative as male artists. The golden egg theory that males had a gift from God to be great artists was trampled by the feminist artistic movement. Moreover, these feminist artists demonstrated that their artworks were just as marketable as the male artists works. The organizations formed by these women were used to provide support and advancement within the artisti c community. Many of these feminists artistic organizations still exist today. They still continue to fight for equality and equal exposure for the female artist and their artworks. Nowadays, women artists are able to benefit from these pioneers of liberation; however, to benefit from the past is to maintain the level of artistic freedom in the future. Work Cited Anguissola, Sofonisba. Self Portrait. 1561. Painting. http://www-english.tamu.edu/pers/fac/phillippy/_women_artists/anguissola/. 30 Nov. 2009. Barko, Cortney Cronberg. Rediscovering Female Voice and Authority: The Revival of Female Artists in Wendy Wassersteins The Heidi Chronicles. Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 29.1 (Mar. 2008): 121-138. Academic Search Elite. EBSCO. Westmoreland County Community College Learning Resources Center. 23 Aug. 2009 . Benglis, Lynda. Quartered Meteor. 1969. Photo.http://www.cheimread.com/exhibitions/2002_10_bettina-rheimslynda-benglis/. 30 Nov. 2009. Bock DiCosola, Lois Ann. Feminists Who Changed America 1963-1975 . 2007. 13 September,2009. . Bonheur, Rosa. The Horse Fair. 1853. http://www.shepherd.edu/englweb/artworks/A8.jpg. 30 Nov. 2009. Chave, Anna C. I Object Hannah Wilkes (Feminism). Art in America 97.3 (Mar. 2009): 104. MasterFILE Premier. EBSCO. Westmoreland County Community College Learning Resources Center. 23 Aug. 2009 . Chadwick, Whitney. Women, Art, and Society . 4th Ed. Canada: Thames HudsonWorld of Art, 2007. Chicago, Judy. The Dinner Party. 1974-79. Photo. http://arthistory.about.com/od/from_exhibitions/ig/spring07/sp2007exh_03.htm. 30 Nov. 2009. Chicago, Judy. Menstruation Bathroom. 1973. Photo. http://feministartrevolution.blogspot.com/2007/12/womanhouse-1973.html. 30 Nov.2009. Chicago, Judy. Rainbow Pickett. 1965. Photo.http://www.lewallencontemporary.com/judychicago. 30 Nov. 2009. Frazier, Susan, Hodgetts, Vicki, Weltsch, Robin. Nurturant Kitchen. 1973. Photo. http://feministartrevolution.blogspot.com/2007/12/womanhouse-1973.html. 30 Nov.2009. Gentileschi, Artemisia. Susanna and the Elders. 1610. Painting. http://www.artemisia-gentileschi.com/susanna.html. 30 Nov. 2009. Gross, Alexander. The Artists Branch of the Movement. Inside the Sixties Book. 2009.September 15,2009. . Hammond, Harmony. Bag XI. 1971. 1973. Photo. http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/feminist_art_base/gallery/harmonyhammond.php?i=832. 30 Nov. 2009. Hammond, Harmony. Floorpiece VI. 1973. Photo. http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/feminist_art_base/gallery/harmonyhammond.php?i=832. 30 Nov. 2009. Hesse, Eva. Right After. 1969. Photo. http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/feminist_art_base/gallery/eva_hesse.php?i=1700.30 Nov. 2009. Humm, Maggie. The Dictionary of Feminist Theory. 2nd ed. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1995. Lucie-Smith, Edward. Movements in Art Since 1945. 1st Ed. Canada: Thames Hudson World of Art, 2001. Jolly, Margaretta. Lesbian Herstory Archives. 2009. LHEF, Inc..13 September,2009. http://www.lesbianherstoryarchives.org/index.html. Lesbian Herstory Archives. Lesbian Herstory Archives Photo 1974. Photo. http://www.lesbianherstoryarchives.org/index.html. 30 Nov. 2009. Lockpez, Inverna. Untitled. Movements in Art Since 1945. 1st Ed. Canada: Thames Hudson World of Art, 2001. Madden, Gerry. Rosa Bonheur, a Boy in Petticoats. Hopscotch 16.6 (Apr. 2005): 36. MasterFILE Premier. EBSCO. Westmoreland County Community College Learning Resources Center. 22 Aug. 2009 . Mieke, Bal. The Artemisia Files: Artemisia Gentileschi for Feminists and Other Thinking People. 1st ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005. Morgan, Ann Lee. Feminist Art. Art Journal 54.3 (Fall95 1995): 102. MasterFILE Premier. Westmoreland County Community